We can see an object directly, or by means of refracted rays, which come out of the eyes, move in a transparent medium and, after refraction, arrive to the object. The first was proposing an "emission theory": vision occurs by means of rays emanated from the eyes and received by objects. Of course, optics is linked with the visual perception: about it, there were two ancient Greek schools, providing a different explanation of vision. The physics is the description of natural phenomena, whereas optics (perspectiva ars, in Latin ) is analysing the reasons of the phenomena. Discussion and conclusion First of all, Grosseteste is distinguishing optics from physics. Here is the end of the discussion on the rainbow, according to a Lincolnian. In the same manner, according to the enumeration of brightness and obscurity of light and of purity and impurity of the medium, all the arcs of various colors can be seen. ipient medium is a mixture of vapors and mist and the light is hazy, as occurs near the East and West, the colors are less splendid and their brightness reduced.
One of the most important findings of this literature review was that no single pain assessment method or tool should be used alone rather, a comprehensive and multifaceted approach in pain assessment is emphasized. The main factors influencing pain assessment in this specific patient population were found to be the medical diagnosis, child characteristics and nurse characteristics.
In addition to these methods used by nurses, there are tools and methods of pain assessment that are developed for parents. The findings of this literature review showed that postoperative pain in pediatric patients can be assessed by nurses through patients ’ self-report, use of behavioural/observational scales and physiological indicators. Literature was analysed and collected using inductive content analysis. A critical appraisal was conducted in order to ensure the suitability of the studies to this literature review, and to ensure their quality.
#CHAMBERS DICTIONARY OF ETYMOLOGY ONLINE MANUAL#
Additionally, manual search through library journal collections and e-journals was conducted in order to find relevant research literature. The data was systematically collected using OVID/CINAHL and Science Direct. The literature review is based on 22 scientific research articles. The purpose of this literature review was to conduct a comprehensive description of pain assessment in pediatric patients in surgical settings. The aim of this literature review was to explore the methods and tools used in postoperative pediatric pain assessment. The Rover architecture provides a conceptual framework geared towards understanding how application developers can utilize a variety of aspects of context to assist the development of modern We present a context-aware platform called Rover. We describe fundamental types of context associated with every piece of information and discuss issues which may occur when implementing a system which utilizes context. In this dissertation, we examine two topics: context and the design of a context-aware platform. Understanding, handling, and using context represents one of the most critical steps towards coping with the amount of information available today. All types of information contains context, whether they have been stated explicitly or understood implicitly. This problem has been exaggerated in modern societies by high availability of Internet connectivity. Information includes messages people send to each other, logged data from their activities, and the services available to them.
Technology has advanced to the point where many people feel it has created a world with an insurmountable amount of information.
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